Sustainability Report on Australia Vs Qatar †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Questions: 1.Why Australia and Qatar dealing differently with Energy saving initiatives? 2.Why Australia and Qatar dealing differently with Water saving initiatives? Answers: Introduction The report is analysing about the sustainable approaches of Australia and Qatar in energy and water management. The first part of the report describes the energy regulation adopted by Australia and Qatar by the government as well as other sectors. The second part is analysing about water regulations of Australia and Qatar in government as well as other sectors. And in the last part, comparison of regulation and practices adopted by Australia and Qatar. Energy regulation of Australia: TheAustralian Energy Market Agreementdefines the statutory as well as monitoring framework for Australias energy markets. It delivers the legislation that is applied in each contributing state. Key energy market legislation includes: TheNational Electricity Law: An agenda for National Electricity (South Australia) Act1996 creates commitments in the National Electricity Market for power systems (Lang, et al., 2012). The regulation is sustained by theNational Electricity RulesandNational Electricity (South Australia) Regulations. TheNational Gas Law: An agenda to theNational Gas (South Australia) Act 2008(link is external), creates responsibilities for gas pipes, gas wholesale markets and its board. Moreover the regulation is maintained with theNational Gas Rules andNational Gas (South Australia) Regulations (Hua, Oliphant Hu, 2016). TheNational Energy Retail Law: A Programme to theNational Energy Retail Law (South Australia) Act 2011 controlling resource and transaction of power distribution to customers. The Rule is reinforced by theNational Energy Retail RulesandNational Energy Retail Regulations. Energy regulation by Qatar: Qatar Petroleum: State-claimed Qatar Petroleum deals with all periods of the high and low in oil and gas industry in Qatar, which includes investigation, generation, stockpiling, transportation, advertising, suggestion related to unrefined petroleum, gaseous petrol fluids, LNG, GTL, refined items, petrochemicals and manures (Bevrani, Ghosh Ledwich, 2010). Qatar GasandRasGas: Qatar Gas was recognized in 1984 and supervised Qatar's major LNG trades in 1997. It is presently the world's leading LNG manufacturer, functioning with seven LNG trains, with yearly LNG manufacture capability of more than 40 million metric tonnes. Qatar Gas Transport Company: The Qatar Gas Transport Company (Nakilat) is accountable for LNG distribution. Both the companies manage individual transportation of natural gas (Ayoub, et al., 2014). Qatar International Petroleum Marketing Company Limited.Qatar International Petroleum Marketing Company Limited is accountable for trading and promotion controlled petroleum varieties like LPG, sulphur, condensates of plant and field and refined merchandises like naphtha, motor-powered gasoline, and gasoil and airplane petroleum. Qatar Fuel:Qatar Fuel is a next oil storage, delivery as well as advertising company started as Joint Stock Corporation registered on the Qatar Exchange. The corporation is accountable for delivering of fuels and LPG in Qatar. Exemplar projects: The following are the exemplar projects by Australia- Mallee Solar Park Marulan power station Stony gap wind farm Cultana pumped hydro project. The following are the exemplar projects by Qatar: Integration of Power Conversion,Energy Management and Communications Techniques for Electric Vehicles in the Smart Grid. Hybrid Quantum Dot Perovskite Solar Cells CRANN-QEERI initiative for Solar Energy Harvesting Materials. The innovations done by Australia and Qatar are: Australia: A nanotechnology, Travel and transport invention, a classification model for energy supply safety and highlights the significance of scientific expansion and technical innovation in stepping towards sustainable, greener and safer economy (Weber, 2013). The hybrid wind and solar Base Station and the enlargement of the major hybrid-powered Base Station in Australia, consuming mixture of solar and tide energy. Qatar: Qatar solar technology: The leading manufacturing facility for poly-silicon on the Arabian Peninsula, according to Solar-World, a more than 25 per-cent shareholder the joint venture company. Chevron Qatar Energy Technology and Green Gulf Inc.: A Qatar founded energy and clean corporation contracted a document of kind for a joint learning to examine solar energy know-hows and presentation (Jianping, et al., 2014). Actions by NGO and private sector in Australia: Non-government associations (NGOs) have since quite a while ago assumed a part in conveying sanitation administrations to groups in Southeast Asia and Pacific nations, especially in country regions. Interestingly with huge scale foundation cantered activities, NGO programs normally concentrate on building linkages amongst specialized and social domains. Actions by NGO and private sector in Qatar: Accelerating the reception of energy saving development by forbidding imported in power consuming lights and bulbs through Tarsheed awareness campaigns, spreading the utilization of energy saving LED lights rather than other electricity-consuming type, executing power effectiveness labels for air conditioners and finishing the improvement of a green-building framework in Qatar which is implemented by NGO and private companies (Iwaro Mwasha, 2010). Water regulations by Australia government: Water legislation managed by the Department of Agriculture and Water Resources is inclusive of: Water Act 2007: It gives the administrative structure to guaranteeing that Australia's biggest water assetthe Murray-Darling Basinis overseen in the national intrigue. In doing as such the Water Act perceives that Australian states in the Murray-Darling Basin keep on managing Basin water assets inside their regions. Water Regulations 2008: The Federal Executive Council approved the Water Regulations 2008, on 19 June 2008 which is also denoted as the major Regulations. All rules created under the Act subsequently to the main guidelines are to be considered as Water Amendment Regulations (Lambooy, 201). The following are two regulations adopted: Murray-Darling Basin Authoritys superior authorities Extension of provisional attention to state and region water arrangement. Water regulations by Qatar: Transmission of combined water resources supervision and capacity building and institutional stimulating. Searching for inventive purification advances that limit both the cost of water creation and the environmental effect ought to be additionally explored (Speers, 2016). Encouraging the storing of frozen wastewater in aquifers as way of water storage. Increasing the utilization of a Double conveyance framework: one for the circulation of consumable quality water for drinking and cooking purposes. Water evaluating requirements to mirror the shortage estimation of water, with the goal that administrations don't wind up sponsoring the consumption of a fundamental regular requirements and contaminating the earth. Innovations by Australia in water management: During rainy season Australia, it infuses in toxic rain water in unsaturated subsoil strata for capacity as water focal points. Amid the dry months, stored water from the subsoil can be pulled back for water system. In this manner, it empowers farmers to have year-long family nourishment security and increment their salary from the land. Innovation by Qatar in water management: TASMU was planned with the eager Qatar National Vision 2030, which tries to change Qatar into a propelled society equipped for accomplishing supportable improvement. It drives supportable utilization of regular assets and enhances water and nourishment security (Siddiqi Anadon, 2011). Qatar is also following consumptive use of water. These uses are transforming watermanagement either by qualitatively or quantitatively. Mainly these practices include sustainable irrigation practices, domestic household waste water reuse, industrial waste recycle and many more. Actions by private sectors and NGO in Australia: Founding additional treatment plants and finishing a study for setting up an industrial wastewater action plant and reducing the quantity of tanker customers and backing up the connection of contemporary water-conservation machineries for all purpose and other uses. Actions by private sectors and NGO in Qatar: To promote water consumption efficiency and sustainability private sectors and NGO are reducing the entire real leftover of non-revenue detoxified water (NRW) to less than 12% in 2016 down from more than 25% in 2011. Companies also stopped water consumption and increase the groundwater level. Moreover, unusual water bases are being used in saline farming, and treated manure properly. Exemplar projects by Australia in water: WGV by LandCorp Exemplar projects by Qatar in water: Trace Metal Accumulation, Biofilm Formation and Tap Water Quality. Green Antimicrobial Nanoparticles for Seawater Disinfection. 1. As Qatar is having soaring use of energy so regulations followed by Qatar are mostly adopting LNG techniques to become sustainable. The consumption patterns by various government authorities are mainly shifting towards sustainable consumption of petroleum, gas, and other industries (Haufler, 2013). While Australian National Gas and Electricity Regimes are mainly worried with regulating the transmission and distribution of energy, and wholesale energy markets more generally, whereas the NECF is primarily concerned with regulating retailers and distributors in their dealings with retail customers. These differences are due to country different legislation, environment factor, culture followed and tradition practices by public and government of both the country. Moreover Australia is having enough resources so it needs to manage with available resources for creating sustainable development. And in case of Qatar resources are need to be import by country government because of small nation (Mainali, et ol., 2013). Thus need to adopt different practices. 2. The differences are mainly in water saving pattern of water adopted by government and NGOs in both the country. The Australia is adopting various laws and regulation in water consumption pattern whereas Qatar is adopting some steps to conserve and reuse water. These differences are mainly due to size and consumption pattern of countries. In Qatar availability of water is scare as in comparison to Australia. The initiatives taken by government are helping individuals as well as country to work upon the water policy of country. Conclusion From the above report it has been analysed the various sustainability approaches regarding water and energy consumption pattern of Australia and Qatar. The report analysed about various government initiatives taken in Australia and Qatar for energy and water management policy. The report also analysed about the technological innovation brought till now in both the countries regarding water and energy technology. And in last part of report the comparison between the measures of Australia and Qatar. References: Ayoub, N., Musharavati, F., Pokharel, S. and Gabbar, H.A., 2014. Energy consumption and conservation practices in QatarA case study of a hotel building.Energy and Buildings,84, pp.55-69. Bevrani, H., Ghosh, A. and Ledwich, G., 2010. Renewable energy sources and frequency regulation: survey and new perspectives.IET Renewable Power Generation,4(5), pp.438-457. Haufler, V., 2013.A public role for the private sector: Industry self-regulation in a global economy. Carnegie Endowment. Hua, Y., Oliphant, M. and Hu, E.J., 2016. Development of renewable energy in Australia and China: A comparison of policies and status.Renewable Energy,85, pp.1044-1051. Iwaro, J. and Mwasha, A., 2010. A review of building energy regulation and policy for energy conservation in developing countries.Energy Policy,38(12), pp.7744-7755. Jianping, L., Minrong, L., Jinnan, W., Jianjian, L., Hongwen, S. and Maoxing, H., 2014. Report on Global Environment Competitiveness of Qatar. InReport on Global Environmental Competitiveness (2013), pp. 701-704. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Lambooy, T., 2011. Corporate social responsibility: sustainable water use.Journal of Cleaner Production,19(8), pp.852-866. Lang, D.J., Wiek, A., Bergmann, M., Stauffacher, M., Martens, P., Moll, P., Swilling, M. and Thomas, C.J., 2012. Transdisciplinary research in sustainability science: practice, principles, and challenges.Sustainability science,7(1), pp.25-43. Mainali, B., Pham, T.T.N., Ngo, H.H., Guo, W., Miechel, C., O'Halloran, K., Muthukaruppan, M. and Listowski, A., 2013. Vision and perception of community on the use of recycled water for household laundry: A case study in Australia.Science of the Total Environment,463, pp.657-666. Siddiqi, A. and Anadon, L.D., 2011. The waterenergy nexus in Middle East and North Africa.Energy policy,39(8), pp.4529-4540. Speers, A., 2016. Water regulation in Australia.Regulation of Urban Water Services. An Overview, p.65. Weber, A.S., 2013, March. Review of sustainable and renewable energy activities in the State of Qatar. InRenewable and Sustainable Energy Conference (IRSEC), 2013 Internationalpp. 91-95. IEEE.